The capital Melbourne, sprang up as the primary city of the Victorian gold rushes in the middle of the nineteenth century. During its boom Melbourne outgrew Sydney, and after Federation served as the national capital until Canberra was established. Melbourne has since lost its lead in population to Sydney, but remains the headquarters of a large number of business and financial organisations.  Victoria's tourist attractions include spectacular coastal formations and heritage settlements, where the lifestyle and atmosphere of colonial times has been reproduced.